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Display Class

Manages the video display and graphics hardware.

A Display object represents a region of displayable video memory and metadata that defines the display mode. The Display is a primitive, hardware oriented interface. It is recommended that unless otherwise required, the Surface class is used to create displayable graphics regions.

Structure

The Display class consists of the following fields:

Access
NameTypeComment
  Bitmap*BitmapReference to the display's bitmap information.

The Bitmap object describes the video region that will be used for displaying graphics. It holds details on the width, height, type, number of colours and so on. The display class inherits the bitmap's attributes, so it is not necessary to retrieve a direct reference to the bitmap object in order to make adjustments.

The Bitmap⇒Width and Bitmap⇒Height can be larger than the display area, but never smaller.

  BmpXINTThe horizontal coordinate of the bitmap within a display.

This field defines the horizontal offset for the Bitmap, which is positioned 'behind' the display. To achieve hardware scrolling, call the Move() action on the Bitmap in order to change this value and update the display.

  BmpYINTThe vertical coordinate of the Bitmap within a display.

This field defines the vertical offset for the Bitmap, which is positioned 'behind' the display. To achieve hardware scrolling, you will need to call the Move() action on the Bitmap in order to change this value and update the display.

  BottomMarginINTIn hosted mode, indicates the bottom margin of the client window.

If the display is hosted in a client window, the BottomMargin indicates the number of pixels between the client area and the bottom window edge.

  ChipsetSTRINGString describing the graphics chipset.

This string describes the graphic card's chipset, if known.

  DisplaySTRINGString describing the display (e.g. model name of the monitor).

This string describes the display device that is connected to the user's graphics card.

  DisplayManufacturerSTRINGString describing the display manufacturer.

This string names the manufacturer of the user's display device.

  DisplayTypeDTIn hosted mode, indicates the bottom margin of the client window.

If the display is hosted in a client window, the BottomMargin indicates the number of pixels between the client area and the bottom window edge.

NameDescription
DT::GLESThe display is driven by OpenGLES.
DT::NATIVEThe display is native (supported by internal drivers).
DT::WINGDIThe display is driven by Microsoft Windows drivers.
DT::X11The display is driven by the X Window System (X11, X.Org, XFree86)
  FlagsSCROptional flag settings.

Optional display flags can be defined here. Post-initialisation, the only flags that can be set are AUTO_SAVE and BORDERLESS.

NameDescription
SCR::ALPHA_BLENDEnables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit).
SCR::AUTO_SAVESaves settings to the global display state when the object is freed.
SCR::BIT_6Display is limited to 6-bit output per colour gun.
SCR::BORDERLESSIf display is hosted, create it as a popup / borderless window.
SCR::BUFFERSet if you would like a complementing buffer in video RAM.
SCR::COMPOSITEEnables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit).
SCR::CUSTOM_WINDOWThe display has been created with a custom window reference.
SCR::DPMS_ENABLEDPower saving through DPMS is supported.
SCR::FLIPPABLEIf SCR::BUFFER is used, this flag may be set by the display manager if it is possible to flip the buffer.
SCR::GRAB_CONTROLLERSGrab controllers for receiving input when the display has the focus.
SCR::GTF_ENABLEDGTF frequency timings are supported.
SCR::HOSTEDThe display is a desktop hosted window.
SCR::MAXIMISESpecial win32 flag.
SCR::MAXSIZEFor GetDisplayInfo() only, indicates that the width and height values indicate the display's maximum size.
SCR::NO_ACCELERATION2D graphics card acceleration is not available.
SCR::POWERSAVEPower saving is active (read-only).
SCR::READ_ONLYSynonym for MAXIMISE | CUSTOM_WINDOW | FLIPPABLE | GTF_ENABLED | DPMS_ENABLED | POWERSAVE | HOSTED | MAXSIZE | REFRESH | BIT_6 | VISIBLE | NO_ACCELERATION
SCR::REFRESHFor GetDisplayInfo() only, used to indicate that a display change has recently occurred and cache refresh is required.
SCR::VISIBLESet if the screen is on display.
  GammaDOUBLE []Contains red, green and blue values for the display's gamma setting.

The gamma settings for the display are stored in this field. The settings are stored in an array of 3 floating point values that represent red, green and blue colours guns. The default gamma value for each colour gun is 1.0.

To modify the display gamma values, please refer to the SetGamma() and SetGammaLinear() methods.

  HDensityINTReturns the horizontal pixel density for the display.

Reading the HDensity field will return the horizontal pixel density for the display (pixels per inch). If the physical size of the display is unknown, a default value based on knowledge of the platform will be retuned. For standard PC's this will usually be 96.

A custom density value can be enforced by setting the /interface/@dpi value in the loaded style, or by setting HDensity.

Reading this field always succeeds.

  HeightINTDefines the height of the display.

This field defines the height of a display. This is known as the 'viewport' that the bitmap data is displayed through. If the height exceeds allowable limits, it will be restricted to a value that the display hardware can handle.

If the display is hosted, the height reflects the internal height of the host window. On some hosted systems, the true height of the window can be calculated by reading the TopMargin and BottomMargin fields.

  InsideHeightINTRepresents the internal height of the display.

On full-screen displays, the video data area can exceed the height of the screen display. The InsideHeight reflects the height of the video data in pixels. If this feature is not in use or is unavailable, the InsideWidth is equal to the display Height.

  InsideWidthINTRepresents the internal width of the display.

On full-screen displays, the video data area can exceed the width of the screen display. The InsideWidth reflects the width of the video data in pixels. If this feature is not in use or is unavailable, the InsideWidth is equal to the display Width.

  LeftMarginINTIn hosted mode, indicates the left-hand margin of the client window.

If the display is hosted in a client window, the LeftMargin indicates the number of pixels between the client area and the left window edge.

  ManufacturerSTRINGString describing the manufacturer of the graphics hardware.

The string in this field returns the name of the manufacturer that created the user's graphics card. If this information is not detectable, a NULL pointer is returned.

  MaxHScanINTThe maximum horizontal scan rate of the display output device.

If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the maximum horizontal scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero.

  MaxVScanINTThe maximum vertical scan rate of the display output device.

If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the maximum vertical scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero.

  MinHScanINTThe minimum horizontal scan rate of the display output device.

If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the minimum horizontal scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero.

  MinVScanINTThe minimum vertical scan rate of the display output device.

If the display output device supports variable refresh rates, this field will refer to the minimum vertical scan rate supported by the device. If variable refresh rates are not supported, this field is set to zero.

  OpacityDOUBLEDetermines the level of translucency applied to the display (hosted displays only).

This field determines the translucency level applied to a display. Its support level is limited to hosted displays that support translucent windows (for example, Windows XP). The default setting is 100%, which means that the display will be solid. High values will retain the boldness of the display, while low values reduce visibility.

  PopOverOBJECTIDEnables pop-over support for hosted display windows.

The PopOver field can be used when a display is hosted as a window. Setting the PopOver field to refer to the object ID of another display will ensure that the host window is always in front of the other display's window (assuming both windows are visible on the desktop).

The ERR::NoSupport error code is returned if the host does not support this functionality or if the display owns the output device.

  PowerModeDPMSThe display's power management method.

When DPMS is enabled via a call to Disable(), the DPMS method that is applied is controlled by this field.

DPMS is a user configurable option and it is not recommended that the PowerMode value is changed manually.

NameDescription
DPMS::DEFAULTUse the default DPMS mode as defined by the display driver.
DPMS::OFFStop sending power to the display in order to turn it off (it may not be possible to restart the display without the user's intervention).
DPMS::STANDBYPuts the display into standby (reduced power) mode.
DPMS::SUSPENDPuts the display into suspend mode (blanks the display output while maintaining normal power levels).
  RefreshRateDOUBLEThis field manages the display refresh rate.

The value in this field reflects the refresh rate of the currently active display, if operating in full-screen mode.

  ResizeFeedbackFUNCTIONThis field manages the display refresh rate.

The value in this field reflects the refresh rate of the currently active display, if operating in full-screen mode.

  RightMarginINTIn hosted mode, indicates the pixel margin between the client window and right window edge.
  TitleSTRINGSets the window title (hosted environments only).
  TopMarginINTIn hosted mode, indicates the pixel margin between the client window and top window edge.
  TotalMemoryINTThe total amount of user accessible RAM installed on the video card, or zero if unknown.
  TotalResolutionsINTThe total number of resolutions supported by the display.
  VDensityINTReturns the vertical pixel density for the display.

Reading the VDensity field will return the vertical pixel density for the display (pixels per inch). If the physical size of the display is unknown, a default value based on knowledge of the platform will be retuned. For standard PC's this will usually be 96.

A custom density value can be enforced by setting the /interface/@dpi value in the loaded style, or by setting VDensity.

Reading this field always succeeds.

  WidthINTDefines the width of the display.

This field defines the width of a display. This is known as the 'viewport' that the bitmap data is displayed through. If the width exceeds allowable limits, it will be restricted to a value that the display hardware can handle.

If the display is hosted, the width reflects the internal width of the host window. On some hosted systems, the true width of the window can be calculated by reading the LeftMargin and RightMargin fields.

  WindowHandleAPTRRefers to a display object's window handle, if relevant.

This field refers to the window handle of a display object, but only if such a thing is relevant to the platform that the system is running on. Currently, this field is only usable when creating a display within an X11 window manager or Microsoft Windows.

It is possible to set the WindowHandle field prior to initialisation if you want a display object to be based on a window that already exists.

  XINTDefines the horizontal coordinate of the display.

The X field defines the horizontal hardware coordinate for a display. This field should be set to zero unless the screen requires adjustment. Most hardware drivers and output devices do not support this feature.

On hosted displays, prior to initialisation the coordinate will reflect the position of the display window when it is created. After initialisation, the coordinate is altered to reflect the absolute position of the client area of the display window. The LeftMargin can be used to determine the actual position of the host window.

To adjust the position of the display, use the MoveToPoint() action rather than setting this field directly.

  YINTDefines the vertical coordinate of the display.

The Y field defines the vertical hardware coordinate for a display. This field should be set to zero unless the screen requires adjustment. Most hardware drivers and output devices do not support this feature.

On hosted displays, prior to initialisation the coordinate will reflect the position of the display window when it is created. After initialisation, the coordinate is altered to reflect the absolute position of the client area of the display window. The TopMargin can be used to determine the actual position of the host window.

To adjust the position of the display, use the MoveToPoint() action rather than setting this field directly.

Actions

The following actions are currently supported:

ActivateActivating a display has the same effect as calling the Show action.
ClearClears a display's image data and hardware buffers (e.g. OpenGL)
DisableDisables the display (goes into power saving mode).
ERR acDisable(*Object)

Disabling a display will put the display into power saving mode. The DPMS mode is determined by the user's system settings and cannot be changed by the developer. The display will remain off until the Enable action is called.

This action does nothing if the display is in hosted mode.

Error Codes
OkayThe display was disabled.
NoSupportThe display driver does not support DPMS.
DrawDraws object graphics to drawable areas.
ERR acDraw(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height)
ParameterDescription
XThe X position of the region to be drawn.
YThe Y position of the region to be drawn.
WidthThe width of the region to be drawn.
HeightThe height of the region to be drawn.
EnableRestores the screen display from power saving mode.
FlushFlush pending graphics operations to the display.
FocusFocus on this object in the user interface.
GetKeyRetrieve formatted information from the display.
ERR acGetKey(*Object, CSTRING Key, STRING Value, INT Size)
ParameterDescription
KeyThe name of a key value.
ValuePointer to a buffer space large enough to hold the retrieved value.
SizeIndicates the byte size of the Buffer.
HideHides a display from the user's view.
ERR acHide(*Object)

Calling this action will hide a display from the user's view. If the hidden display was at the front of the display and there is a display object behind it, then the next underlying display will be displayed. If there are no other displays available then the user's viewport will be blank after calling this action.

MoveMove the display to a new display position (relative coordinates).
ERR acMove(*Object, DOUBLE DeltaX, DOUBLE DeltaY, DOUBLE DeltaZ)
ParameterDescription
DeltaXThe number of units to move along the X axis.
DeltaYThe number of units to move along the Y axis.
DeltaZThe number of units to move along the Z axis.
MoveToBackMove the display to the back of the display list.
MoveToFrontMove the display to the front of the display list.
MoveToPointMove the display to a new position.
ERR acMoveToPoint(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Z, MTF Flags)
ParameterDescription
XThe new X position to move the object to.
YThe new Y position to move the object to.
ZThe new Z position to move the object to.
FlagsSet the relevant MTF flag for each provided parameter.

The MoveToPoint action moves the display to a new position.

In a hosted environment, the supplied coordinates are treated as being indicative of the absolute position of the host window (not the client area).

For full-screen displays, MoveToPoint can alter the screen position for the hardware device managing the display output. This is a rare feature that requires hardware support. ERR::NoSupport is returned if this feature is unavailable.

RedimensionMoves and resizes a display object in a single action call.
ERR acRedimension(*Object, DOUBLE X, DOUBLE Y, DOUBLE Z, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height, DOUBLE Depth)
ParameterDescription
XThe new X position to apply to the target object.
YThe new Y position to apply to the target object.
ZThe new Z position to apply to the target object.
WidthThe new width of the target object.
HeightThe new height of the target object.
DepthThe new depth of the target object.
ResizeResizes the dimensions of a display object.
ERR acResize(*Object, DOUBLE Width, DOUBLE Height, DOUBLE Depth)
ParameterDescription
WidthThe new width of the object.
HeightThe new height of the object.
DepthThe new depth of the object.

If the display is hosted, the Width and Height values will determine the size of the inside area of the window.

SaveImageSaves the image of a display to a data object.
ERR acSaveImage(*Object, OBJECTID Dest, CLASSID ClassID)
ParameterDescription
DestRefers to an object that will receive the encoded image data.
ClassIDThe Picture class to use for encoding the image data.
SaveSettingsSaves the current display settings as the default.
ShowPresents a display object to the user.
ERR acShow(*Object)

This method presents a display object to the user. On a hosted platform, this will result in a window appearing on screen. By default the window will be hosted within a window border which may contain regular window gadgets such as a titlebar and buttons for close, maximise and minimise operations. The position of the window is determined by the X and Y fields. In Parasol's native environment, the user's screen display will be altered to match the required resolution and the graphics of the display's Bitmap object will take up the entirety of the screen.

If the BORDERLESS flag has been set in the Flags field, the window will appear without the surrounding border and gadgets normally associated with new windows.

In Microsoft Windows, the LeftMargin, RightMargin, TopMargin and BottomMargin fields will be updated to reflect the position of the client area within the hosted window. In X11 these field values are all set to zero.

If the window is minimised at the time this action is called, the window will be restored to its original position if the code for the host platform supports this capability.

The VISIBLE flag in the Flags field will be set if the Show operation is successful.

Methods

The following methods are currently supported:

MinimiseMinimise the desktop window hosting the display.
ERR gfx::Minimise(OBJECTPTR Object)

If a display is hosted in a desktop window, calling the Minimise method will perform the default minimise action on that window. On a platform such as Microsoft Windows, this would normally result in the window being minimised to the task bar.

Calling Minimise on a display that is already in the minimised state may result in the host window being restored to the desktop. This behaviour is platform dependent and should be manually tested to confirm its reliability on the host platform.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
SetDisplayChanges the current display mode.
ERR gfx::SetDisplay(OBJECTPTR Object, INT X, INT Y, INT Width, INT Height, INT InsideWidth, INT InsideHeight, INT BitsPerPixel, DOUBLE RefreshRate, INT Flags)
ParameterDescription
XHorizontal offset of the display, relative to its default position.
YVertical offset of the display, relative to its default position.
WidthWidth of the display.
HeightHeight of the display.
InsideWidthInternal display width (must be equal to or greater than the display width).
InsideHeightInternal display height (must be equal to or greater than the display height).
BitsPerPixelThe desired display depth (15, 16, 24 or 32).
RefreshRateRefresh rate, measured in floating point format for precision.
FlagsOptional flags.

The SetDisplay method changes the current display settings for the screen. It can alter the position and screen dimensions and the display refresh rate. The new settings are applied immediately, although minor delays are possible while the graphics card and monitor adjust to the changes.

To keep any of the display settings at their current value, set the appropriate parameters to zero to leave them unchanged. Only the parameters that you set will be used.

If the display parameters do not match with a valid display mode - for instance if you request a screen size of 1280x1024 and the nearest equivalent is 1024x768, the SetDisplay method will automatically adjust to match against the nearest screen size.

Only the original owner of the display object is allowed to change the display settings.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
FailedFailed to switch to the requested display mode.
NullArgsFunction call missing argument value(s)
SetGammaSets the display gamma levels.
ERR gfx::SetGamma(OBJECTPTR Object, DOUBLE Red, DOUBLE Green, DOUBLE Blue, GMF Flags)
ParameterDescription
RedGamma correction for the red gun.
GreenGamma correction for the green gun.
BlueGamma correction for the blue gun.
FlagsOptional flags.

The SetGamma method controls the gamma correction levels for the display. Gamma levels for the red, green and blue colour components can be set at floating point precision. The default gamma level for each component is 1.0; the minimum value is 0.0 and the maximum value is 100.

Optional flags include GMF::SAVE. This option will save the requested settings as the user default when future displays are opened.

If you would like to know the default gamma correction settings for a display, please refer to the Gamma field.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NoSupportThe graphics hardware does not support gamma correction.
NullArgsFunction call missing argument value(s)
SetGammaLinearSets the display gamma level using a linear algorithm.
ERR gfx::SetGammaLinear(OBJECTPTR Object, DOUBLE Red, DOUBLE Green, DOUBLE Blue, GMF Flags)
ParameterDescription
RedNew red gamma value.
GreenNew green gamma value.
BlueNew blue gamma value.
FlagsUse SAVE to store the new settings.

Call SetGammaLinear() to update a target display's gamma values with a linear algorithm that takes input from Red, Green and Blue parameters provided by the client.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NullArgsFunction call missing argument value(s)
SetMonitorChanges the default monitor settings.
ERR gfx::SetMonitor(OBJECTPTR Object, CSTRING Name, INT MinH, INT MaxH, INT MinV, INT MaxV, MON Flags)
ParameterDescription
NameThe name of the display.
MinHThe minimum horizontal scan rate. Usually set to 31.
MaxHThe maximum horizontal scan rate.
MinVThe minimum vertical scan rate. Usually set to 50.
MaxVThe maximum vertical scan rate.
FlagsSet to AUTO_DETECT if the monitor settings should be auto-detected on startup. Set BIT_6 if the device is limited to 6-bit colour output.

Use the SetMonitor() method to change the settings that configure the user's monitor display. You can set the model name of the monitor and the frequencies that are supported by it. Altering the display frequencies will affect the available display resolutions, as well as the maximum allowable refresh rate.

An AutoDetect option is available, which if defined will cause the display settings to be automatically detected when the desktop is loaded at startup. If it is not possible to detect the correct settings for the plugged-in display, it reverts to the default display settings.

This method does not work on hosted platforms. All parameters passed to this method are optional (set a value to zero if it should not be changed).

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NullArgsFunction call missing argument value(s)
SizeHintsSets the width and height restrictions for the host window (hosted environments only).
ERR gfx::SizeHints(OBJECTPTR Object, INT MinWidth, INT MinHeight, INT MaxWidth, INT MaxHeight, INT EnforceAspect)
ParameterDescription
MinWidthThe minimum width of the window.
MinHeightThe minimum height of the window.
MaxWidthThe maximum width of the window.
MaxHeightThe maximum width of the window.
EnforceAspectSet to true to enforce an aspect ratio that is scaled from MinWidth,MinHeight to MaxWidth,MaxHeight.

If a display is hosted in a desktop window, it may be possible to enforce size restrictions that prevent the window from being shrunk or expanded beyond a certain size. This feature is platform dependent and ERR::NoSupport will be returned if it is not implemented.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NoSupportThe host platform does not support this feature.
UpdatePaletteUpdates the video display palette to new colour values if in 256 colour mode.
ERR gfx::UpdatePalette(OBJECTPTR Object, struct RGBPalette * NewPalette)
ParameterDescription
NewPaletteThe new palette to apply to the display bitmap.

Call UpdatePalette() to copy a new palette to the display bitmap's internal palette. If the video display is running in 256 colour mode, the new palette colours will also be reflected in the display.

This method has no visible effect on RGB pixel displays.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NullArgsFunction call missing argument value(s)
WaitVBLWaits for a vertical blank.
ERR gfx::WaitVBL(OBJECTPTR Object)

This method waits for the strobe to reach the vertical blank area at the bottom of the display. Not all graphics hardware will support this method. If this is the case, WaitVBL() will return immediately with ERR::NoSupport.

Error Codes
OkayOperation successful.
NoSupportThis request is not supported.
Display class documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025

DPMS Type

Possible modes for the Display class' PowerMode field.

NameDescription
DPMS::DEFAULTUse the default DPMS mode as defined by the display driver.
DPMS::OFFStop sending power to the display in order to turn it off (it may not be possible to restart the display without the user's intervention).
DPMS::STANDBYPuts the display into standby (reduced power) mode.
DPMS::SUSPENDPuts the display into suspend mode (blanks the display output while maintaining normal power levels).
Display module documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025

DT Type

Flags for GetDisplayType().

NameDescription
DT::GLESThe display is driven by OpenGLES.
DT::NATIVEThe display is native (supported by internal drivers).
DT::WINGDIThe display is driven by Microsoft Windows drivers.
DT::X11The display is driven by the X Window System (X11, X.Org, XFree86)
Display module documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025

GMF Type

Flags for gamma operations.

NameDescription
GMF::SAVESave the provided settings permanently.
Display module documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025

MON Type

Flags for the Display class SetMonitor() method.

NameDescription
MON::AUTO_DETECTMonitor settings to be auto-detected on startup.
MON::BIT_6The device is limited to 6-bit colour production in real terms.
Display module documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025

SCR Type

Display flags.

NameDescription
SCR::ALPHA_BLENDEnables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit).
SCR::AUTO_SAVESaves settings to the global display state when the object is freed.
SCR::BIT_6Display is limited to 6-bit output per colour gun.
SCR::BORDERLESSIf display is hosted, create it as a popup / borderless window.
SCR::BUFFERSet if you would like a complementing buffer in video RAM.
SCR::COMPOSITEEnables alpha channel blending (if display is hosted and 32-bit).
SCR::CUSTOM_WINDOWThe display has been created with a custom window reference.
SCR::DPMS_ENABLEDPower saving through DPMS is supported.
SCR::FLIPPABLEIf SCR::BUFFER is used, this flag may be set by the display manager if it is possible to flip the buffer.
SCR::GRAB_CONTROLLERSGrab controllers for receiving input when the display has the focus.
SCR::GTF_ENABLEDGTF frequency timings are supported.
SCR::HOSTEDThe display is a desktop hosted window.
SCR::MAXIMISESpecial win32 flag.
SCR::MAXSIZEFor GetDisplayInfo() only, indicates that the width and height values indicate the display's maximum size.
SCR::NO_ACCELERATION2D graphics card acceleration is not available.
SCR::POWERSAVEPower saving is active (read-only).
SCR::READ_ONLYSynonym for MAXIMISE | CUSTOM_WINDOW | FLIPPABLE | GTF_ENABLED | DPMS_ENABLED | POWERSAVE | HOSTED | MAXSIZE | REFRESH | BIT_6 | VISIBLE | NO_ACCELERATION
SCR::REFRESHFor GetDisplayInfo() only, used to indicate that a display change has recently occurred and cache refresh is required.
SCR::VISIBLESet if the screen is on display.
Display module documentation © Paul Manias 2003-2025